Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (1706- 1790) Born in Boston in which was first known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Son of Josiah Franklin,and Anne Child. His father was a candle maker, not as successful as he wished to be, he removed Benjamin at age ten to help him out . Benjamin was the 15th and last male of 17 children. The first seven were from his father's first wife, and the other ten from his father's second wife Abiah Folger.

As benjamin worked for his father, he could see it didn't really make him happy. So Josiah, hoping for Ben not to follow one of his other brothers footsteps on going oversees, he apprenticed him to his older brother, James, at his print shop. James had refused to publish Ben's creation so he came withe the pseudonym "mrs. Silence Dogood" whose 14 letters were published. By the time James found out the letters were his brother, Benjamin had already left to new York but ended up settling in Philadelphia. Here he would open his own printing office, birthplace of some of his greatest publications like "The Pennsylvania Gazette" and "Poor Richards Almanac".

During the American revolution he was able to convince the French to help the Americans. Knowing how the french felt about the British Benjamin told them that if the British won, they would become of great power and probably unstoppable. The French being enemies of the British weren't happy about what they were hearing. They knew that if the redcoats won they would be vulnerable to them, so they decided to help the American by providing them with supplies. Once the Americans won he helped write the Constitution and signed for the most important documents such as the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with the French and the Treaty of Paris.


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Treaty of Paris

The treaty of Paris was due on September 3 of 1783. It was comformed by a agreement between America and Great Britain. This recognized American independence and established borders for the new nation. This formally made to end the Revolutionary War. But it was finally done by the Continental Congress in 1784.

The treaty contained ten articles, or key points. It declares the intention of both America and Great Britain to forget all past differences and misunderstandings between each oders.
It was signed in Paris by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay. The good thing is that Britain agreed to remove all of its troops from the new nation. But The United States also agreed not to persecute loyalists still in America and allow those that left America to return to their homelands.

The treaty also established U.S. boundaries. Which specified certain fishing rights, to allowed creditors of each country to be paid by citizens. It also restored the rights and property of Loyalists. But If it wasn't that the British heard of the surrender at Yorktown, maybe united states wouldn't exist as a nation. So it really took a huge and important part of it's independence history.
Andrea

What did the Revolution accomplish and what ideas did it set in motion?

 What did it accomplish?

In 1783, Benjamin Franklin negotiated the treaty of Paris that officially recognize the American Revolution. Franklin gained more territory for the United States than the Americans actually won on the battlefield.

Women gained few political or legal rights. About 90,000 Loyalists became refugees. Some resettled in Canada. Many African Americans were re-enslaved and sent to the British West Indies.

In the South, some planters voluntarily freed their slaves in an action called manumission. However, southern whites feared black reprisals. The Revolution led to emancipation in the North but not the South, where slaves were a third of the population.The American Revolution inspired other revolutions around the world.First was the French Revolution in 1789. 

What ideas did it set in motion?

The Revolution spread the idea of “liberty” home and abroad. “All men created equal” written by Jefferson probably meant only white men, however, both African-American and Women used these words to claim their rights. The American Revolution also inspired other countries to rebel against oppressive leader. The Revolution inspired many slaves to demand their freedom. In the North, some slaves petitioned or sued for freedom. Thousands of African Americans volunteered to fight the British. Others followed in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

Battle of yorktown

1789 date were the Battle of Yorktown was fought.
This was the last major battle in the American revolution. The British troop was commanded by General Cornwallis.Which he was really confident that he could of win the battle. The British fought against the French troop which was commanded by General Marquis de Lafayette and of course famous General George Washington. In other hand the French navy defeated the British troop blocking the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay.

As General George Washington marched his army down from their former location in the north, the French navy was also heading to the coast near Yorktown. At the same time Cornwalis was retreating to the same destination. These battle lasted for eleven days in which he comanded George Washington to surrender even though the British were the ones being greatly outnumbered. Cornwallis' plans of Washington's army to throw the towel first backfired. The British soon surrendered and agreed to General Washington's terms.

On october 19 , Cornwallis complied and the final surrender documents were signed. At noon the French and American armies lined up to await the British surrender. Two hours later the British marched out with flags furled and their bands playing "The World Turned Upside Down." Claiming he was ill, Cornwallis sent Brigadier General Charles O'Hara instead. O'Hara attempted to surrender tothe french but was instructed by them to approach the Americans. Washington directed O'Hara to surrender to Lincoln, who was serving as his second-in-command.
Andrea
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Revolutionary women

In the American Revolution, men cant take full credit on the victory. Women played a very important and crucial role in this revolution. For many this began with the boycott of tea, later they began to make their own homespun cloth. Others freed their men, and allowed them to fight for their country, which was something that really helped them concentrate on their main objective. Some women, like Molly Pitcher and Deborah Samson, even pretended to be men to be able to fight for their country along with their husbands and kids, as a result they earned recognition and in some cases they even earned a soldier's pension. This tells us that women had proved to be brave since they were dealing with difficult things, from to taking care of entire households, to nursing injured troops, to fighting battles.

One of our main revolutionary women is Molly Pitcher. When she was a teenager she married John Caspar Hayes. He soon went off to fight in the Revolutionary War. At sixteen years of age Molly decided to follow her husband's steps and also went off to help in the war. In the camp she would cook and wash for the men. In the battles she would serve water for the soldiers, which is how she got her name Molly "Pitcher". Later when her husband died she took his place and began to fight.

Another great and very famous revolutionary woman is Deborah Sampson. She was inspired to serve the troops after reading a Thomas Paine's "Common Sense". She decided t disguise herself as a man so she made herself some man clothes and went to war, enlisting herself as Robert Shirtliff. She was wounded twice and still after seeking medical help no one found out she was actually a woman. It wasn't until she got the yellow fever her medical doctor felt obligated to tell the truth, but Deborah had already gained their respect.

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Mistakes the British Made

The first mistake the british made was to think that they were fighting an European war. This war was far from that. it was the first revolutionary war. The brits underestimated the patriots. They had already defeated forces such as the French and Spanish during the Seven Years War. So they believed that defeating an army with no experience in the battlefield would be a piece of cake.

The British believed it would take no time for the Patriots to throw the towel, but the Patriots were convinced otherwise. The Patriots were persistent they were determined to come out victorious, and they had an intellectual weapon named George Washington. He knew he had to keep his troops inspired which is why he read to them Thomas Paine's books, "The American Crisis" and "Common Sense". This lead to a psychological victory for them.

 

The British mistakes were totally the reason why they deserved to loose the war. They kept doing things the same way even the mistakes. But one of there biggest mistake was when Lord william Howe ordered a frontal assault. It was in the middle of the day to take the hill. But as we know patriots strategy was to entrenched, hide behind walls and places from red coats and British let to know everybody every time they were coming in to attack their opponents.That wasn't a good strategy cause their opponents were able to get ready before the battle.

General Cornwallis

Charles Cornwallis was born at Grosvenor Square, London on December 31, 1738. He graduated from Clare College at Cambridge, was elected to enter the military. After purchasing a commission as an ensign in the 1st Foot Guards on December 8, 1757.he became a British general who fought against the Americans in many different battles during the Revolutionary War. The most important one was the Battle of Yorktown where the British surrendered. Cornwallis was unable to defeat the American and French forces.

In 1776, Cornwallis arrived in America with the rank of major general, by 1780, he was responsible for the entire British campaign in the South. At first Cornwallis was successful against the American forces. January, 1781, was a turning point, when he was defeated by Nathanael Greene's army in South Carolina. In August 1781 while the new British troops arrived, the French were ready to attack. The American and French troops had cornered the British. Cornwallis's forces had to surrender. The British surrender at Yorktown led to the end of the Revolutionary War.

After the war, he accepted the post of governor-general of India on February 23, 1786. He proved an able administrator and a gifted reformer. Upon the end of his term, he was made 1st Marquess Cornwallis and was sent to Ireland as governor-general. He aided in passing the Act of Union which united the English and Irish parliaments. Resigning from the army in 1801, he was again sent to India four years later. His second term was short as he died on October 5, 1805.
- Rebeka Houghton